This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on ISI (92)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Topic Collections  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging  • Schizophrenia  • Alert me on articles by topic

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of First-Episode Patients

Yoshio Hirayasu, MD, PhD; Robert W. McCarley, MD; Dean F. Salisbury, PhD; Shin Tanaka, MD; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD; Melissa Frumin, MD; Danielle Snyderman, BS; Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, PhD; Ron Kikinis, MD; Ferenc A. Jolesz, MD; Martha E. Shenton, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:692-699.

Background  Magnetic resonance imaging studies in schizophrenia have revealed abnormalities in temporal lobe structures, including the superior temporal gyrus. More specifically, abnormalities have been reported in the posterior superior temporal gyrus, which includes the Heschl gyrus and planum temporale, the latter being an important substrate for language. However, the specificity of the Heschl gyrus and planum temporale structural abnormalities to schizophrenia vs affective psychosis, and the possible confounding roles of chronic morbidity and neuroleptic treatment, remain unclear.

Methods  Magnetic resonance images were acquired using a 1.5-T magnet from 20 first-episode (at first hospitalization) patients with schizophrenia (mean age, 27.3 years), 24 first-episode patients with manic psychosis (mean age, 23.6 years), and 22 controls (mean age, 24.5 years). There was no significant difference in age for the 3 groups. All brain images were uniformly aligned and then reformatted and resampled to yield isotropic voxels.

Results  Gray matter volume of the left planum temporale differed among the 3 groups. The patients with schizophrenia had significantly smaller left planum temporale volume than controls (20.0%) and patients with mania (20.0%). Heschl gyrus gray matter volume (left and right) was also reduced in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls (13.1%) and patients with bipolar mania (16.8%).

Conclusions  Compared with controls and patients with bipolar manic psychosis, patients with first-episode schizophrenia showed left planum temporale gray matter volume reduction and bilateral Heschl gyrus gray matter volume reduction. These findings are similar to those reported in patients with chronic schizophrenia and suggest that such abnormalities are present at first episode and are specific to schizophrenia.

From the Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Brockton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Brockton, Mass (Drs Hirayasu, McCarley, Salisbury, Tanaka, Kwon, Frumin, and Shenton and Ms Snyderman); Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital (Drs McCarley, Salisbury, and Shenton), and Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital (Dr Yurgelun-Todd), Belmont, Mass; and The Surgical Planning Laboratory, MRI Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (Drs Kikinis and Jolesz). Dr Hirayasu is now with the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Dr Kwon is now with the Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, Korea.

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Cingulate Gyrus Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in First-Episode Schizophrenia and First-Episode Affective Psychosis
Koo et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65:746-760.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Volume of Left Heschl's Gyrus and Linguistic Pitch Learning
Wong et al.
Cereb Cortex 2008;18:828-836.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Anatomically related grey and white matter abnormalities in adolescent-onset schizophrenia
Douaud et al.
Brain 2007;130:2375-2386.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Neural Substrates of Impaired Prosodic Detection in Schizophrenia and Its Sensorial Antecedents
Leitman et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2007;164:474-482.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Brain volume in first-episode schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies
STEEN et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2006;188:510-518.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sex Differences in Language Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Walder et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2006;163:470-477.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Whole-Brain Morphometric Study of Schizophrenia Revealing a Spatially Complex Set of Focal Abnormalities
Davatzikos et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:1218-1227.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reduced Left Angular Gyrus Volume in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Nierenberg et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2005;162:1539-1541.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Structural Brain Imaging Evidence for Multiple Pathological Processes at Different Stages of Brain Development in Schizophrenia
Pantelis et al.
Schizophr Bull 2005;31:672-696.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

White Matter Abnormalities in First-Episode Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Szeszko et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2005;162:602-605.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Morphometry of the Superior Temporal Plane In Schizophrenia: Relationship to Clinical Correlates
Crespo-Facorro et al.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi. 2004;16:284-294.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reduced Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume in Young Offspring of Patients With Schizophrenia
Rajarethinam et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:1121-1124.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia Disorders: Perspectives From the Spectrum
Siever and Davis
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:398-413.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Automatically Parcellating the Human Cerebral Cortex
Fischl et al.
Cereb Cortex 2004;14:11-22.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neuroanatomy of 'Hearing Voices': A Frontotemporal Brain Structural Abnormality Associated with Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Gaser et al.
Cereb Cortex 2004;14:91-96.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Differences and Similarities in Insular and Temporal Pole MRI Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in First-Episode Schizophrenia and Affective Psychosis
Kasai et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:1069-1077.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Progressive Decrease of Left Heschl Gyrus and Planum Temporale Gray Matter Volume in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Kasai et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:766-775.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Fusiform Gyrus Volume Reduction and Facial Recognition in Chronic Schizophrenia
Onitsuka et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:349-355.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Recent Advances in the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia
Miyamoto et al.
Mol. Interv. 2003;3:27-39.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Progressive Decrease of Left Superior Temporal Gyrus Gray Matter Volume in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
Kasai et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2003;160:156-164.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Smaller Frontal Gray Matter Volume in Postmortem Schizophrenic Brains
Selemon et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:1983-1991.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

In Pursuit of the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia: Where Do We Stand?
Lewis
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:1467-1469.
FULL TEXT  

Smaller Left Heschl's Gyrus Volume in Patients With Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Dickey et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:1521-1527.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Fusiform Gyrus Volume Reduction in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Lee et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:775-781.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Mismatch Negativity in Chronic Schizophrenia and First-Episode Schizophrenia
Salisbury et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:686-694.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Does the Definition of Borders of the Planum Temporale Influence the Results in Schizophrenia?
Meisenzahl et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:1198-1200.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Temporal Lobe Abnormalities in First-Episode Psychosis
Sumich et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:1232-1235.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Brain Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor Binding in Schizophrenia Measured by Positron Emission Tomography and [11C]WAY-100635
Tauscher et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:514-520.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Association Between Smaller Left Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Smaller Left Temporal P300 Amplitude in First-Episode Schizophrenia
McCarley et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:321-331.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impact of Normal Sexual Dimorphisms on Sex Differences in Structural Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Goldstein et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:154-164.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT