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A Family Study of Major Depressive Disorder in a Community Sample of Adolescents
Daniel N. Klein, PhD;
Peter M. Lewinsohn, PhD;
John R. Seeley, MS;
Paul Rohde, PhD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:13-20.
Background Family studies provide a useful approach to exploring the continuities
and discontinuities between major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and
adolescents and MDD in adults. We report a family study of MDD in a large
community sample of adolescents.
Methods Probands included 268 adolescents with a history of MDD, 110 adolescents
with a history of nonmood disorders but no history of MDD through age 18 years,
and 291 adolescents with no history of psychopathology through age 18 years.
Psychopathology in their 2202 first-degree relatives was assessed with semistructured
direct and family history interviews, and best-estimate diagnoses were derived
with the use of all available data.
Results The relatives of adolescents with MDD exhibited significantly elevated
rates of MDD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-2.31),
dysthymia (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.11-2.87), and alcohol abuse or dependence (HR,
1.29; 95% CI, 1.05-1.53), but not anxiety disorders, drug abuse or dependence,
or antisocial and borderline personality disorder. In contrast, anxiety, substance
use, and disruptive behavior disorders in adolescents were not associated
with elevated rates of MDD in relatives. However, the relatives of probands
with anxiety and substance use disorders exhibited elevated rates of anxiety
and substance use disorders, respectively.
Conclusions The results provide evidence of the familial aggregation of adolescent
MDD, and also indicate that there is a considerable specificity in the pattern
of familial transmission. In addition, we found preliminary evidence of the
familial aggregation of adolescent anxiety and substance use disorders.
From the Department of Psychology, State University of New York at
Stony Brook (Dr Klein); and Oregon Research Institute, Eugene (Drs Lewinsohn
and Rohde and Mr Seeley).
Corresponding author: Peter M. Lewinsohn, PhD, Oregon Research Institute,
1715 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403-1983.
RELATED ARTICLE
Adolescent Depression: Same or Different?
Richard Harrington
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(1):21-22.
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