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The Prevalence and Correlates of DSM-IV Intermittent Explosive Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Ronald C. Kessler, PhD;
Emil F. Coccaro, MD;
Maurizio Fava, MD;
Savina Jaeger, PhD;
Robert Jin, MS;
Ellen Walters, MS
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:669-678.
Context Little is known about the epidemiology of intermittent explosive disorder (IED).
Objective To present nationally representative data on the prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV IED.
Design The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess DSM-IV anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance use disorders, and impulse control disorders.
Setting The National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a face-to-face household survey carried out in 2001-2003.
Participants A nationally representative sample of 9282 people 18 years and older.
Main Outcome Measure Diagnoses of DSM-IV IED.
Results Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-IV IED were 7.3% and 3.9%, with a mean 43 lifetime attacks resulting in $1359 in property damage. Intermittent explosive disorder–related injuries occurred 180 times per 100 lifetime cases. Mean age at onset was 14 years. Sociodemographic correlates were uniformly weak. Intermittent explosive disorder was significantly comorbid with most DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and substance disorders. Although the majority of people with IED (60.3%) obtained professional treatment for emotional or substance problems at some time in their life, only 28.8% ever received treatment for their anger, while only 11.7% of 12-month cases received treatment for their anger in the 12 months before interview.
Conclusions Intermittent explosive disorder is a much more common condition than previously recognized. The early age at onset, significant associations with comorbid mental disorders that have later ages at onset, and low proportion of cases in treatment all make IED a promising target for early detection, outreach, and treatment.
Author Affiliations: Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Kessler and Jaeger, Mr Jin, and Ms Walters); the Clinical Neuroscience and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (Dr Coccaro); the Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Dr Fava).
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