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In an elegant study recently published in the ARCHIVES, Raine et al¹ demonstrated a significant (11%) reduction in prefrontal gray but not white matter in antisocial personality disorder (APD). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume in the subjects with APD was related to reduced autonomic arousal in association with a social stressor. Raine et al¹ discussed their findings as supporting the presence of prefrontal deficits that may underlie the social and moral impoverishment observed in APD.

Localization of brain function has a rich tradition in clinical neuroscience.² Many tenets of lesion localization are straightforward. For example, damage or dysfunction of a given structure that produces predicable changes in behavior or function is considered a critical brain region for that behavior or function. There has long been speculation that something was amiss with the frontal lobes in cases of APD because patients with acquired injury to these regions often display antisocial-like behaviors . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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ABSTRACT